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Kein Meer der Welt erhitzt sich laut einem WWF-Bericht so stark wie das Mittelmeer
Klima-Krise Mehr Quallen und weniger Korallen am Mittelmeer Erhöhte Wassertemperatur und steigender Meeresspiegel bedrohen die Artenvielfalt im Mittelmeer.
Klima-Alarm am Mittelmeer: Kein Meer der Welt erhitzt sich laut einem Bericht der Umweltschutzorganisation WWF so stark wie das Wasser zwischen Südeuropa, Nordafrika und Vorderasien. Demzufolge steigen die Temperaturen im bei Deutschen so beliebten Mittelmeer um 20 Prozent schneller als im Durchschnitt aller Weltmeere.
Die Klimakrise habe bereits einige der wichtigsten marinen Ökosysteme «teils irreversibel verändert, mit spürbaren Folgen auch für Fischerei und Tourismus», hieß es in einer WWF-Mitteilung. Das Korallensterben und die Quallenplagen nähmen zu.
TIPP: Der Luftverkehr soll klimaneutral werden
Tropische Quallenarten breiten sich aus Der WWF spricht bei Weichkorallen wie den fächerartigen Gorgonien, aber auch bei der größten mediterranen Muschelart, der Großen Steckmuschel, von einem «Massenaussterben». Im Zuge der Hitzewellen verbreiten sich tropische Quallenarten dem Bericht zufolge seit 2003 immer mehr, auch im Winter. Die massive Überfischung von fast 90 Prozent der Fischbestände sorge zusätzlich dafür, dass die Fressfeinde und Nahrungskonkurrenten der Quallen fehlen.
Die nur im Mittelmeer vorkommenden Neptungraswiesen seien durch die Erwärmung des Wassers und den Anstieg des Meeresspiegels bedroht, mit ernsten Folgen für die Artenvielfalt. Jede fünfte Mittelmeerart benötige Neptungras als Lebensraum. Diese Unterwasserwiesen speicherten bis zu 42 Prozent der CO2-Emissionen aller Länder des Mittelmeeres und seien deshalb auch als Kohlenstoffsenke wichtig.
Belastung durch Plastikmüll und Schifffahrt Küsten und Städte seien bedroht, «weil mit schwindenden Seegraswiesen auch der natürliche Küstenschutz abnimmt», erklärte die Leiterin Meeresschutz beim WWF Deutschland, Heike Vesper. Besonders problematisch sei, dass die Effekte der Klimakrise «auf ein ohnehin gestresstes Meer» treffen, das durch Überfischung, Verschmutzung, Plastikmüll und Schifffahrt stark belastet sei. «Irgendwann wird der Stresscocktail zu viel», so Vesper.
Der WWF fordert, 30 Prozent des Mittelmeers bis 2030 effektiv zu schützen. Um den Trend umzukehren, müsse man den CO2-Ausstoß senken, den menschlichen Nutzungsdruck aufs Meer reduzieren und seine Widerstandskraft durch Schutzgebiete aufbauen.
(23.06.2021, dpa)
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