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China-Reise Smog-Alarmstufe »Rot« in Peking Dicke Luft in Peking: Ein grauer Smogschleier liegt über Chinas Hauptstadt. Zum ersten Mal werden Fahrverbote, Schulschließungen und Produktionsstopps verhängt. Der Schadstoffindex steigt aber weiter. Auch Reisende sollten sich vor dem Smog schützen.
Mit dem ersten Smog-Alarm der Stufe »Rot« in Peking gelten in der chinesischen Hauptstadt weitreichende Fahrverbote. Zudem wurden alle Schulen und Kindergärten geschlossen. Laut chinesischer Behörden mussten auch »einige Fabriken« ihre Produktion herunterfahren oder stoppen.
Während eine graue, schmutzige Dunstglocke die 22-Millionen-Metropole einhüllt, sind die Straßen spürbar leerer als sonst. Wer trotz der hohen Schadstoffbelastung in der Luft vor die Tür muss, trägt meist eine Atemschutzmaske. Die Sichtweite fiel auf wenige hundert Meter. Die Behörden rufen die Menschen auf, möglichst zu Hause zu bleiben.
Trotz der Maßnahmen gegen den Smog stieg der offizielle Luftindex für Peking am Vormittag Ortszeit weiter auf 266 Punkte, was als »schwer verschmutzt« gilt. Die US-Botschaft maß allein für den gefährlichen Feinstaub einen »sehr ungesunden« Wert von 280. Das ist mehr als das Zehnfache des Grenzwertes der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO).
Ärzte warnen, dass die tückischen Feinpartikel direkt ins Blut gehen und Krebs erregen können. Die hohen Schadstoffbelastungen schwächten auch grundsätzlich das Immunsystem und erleichterten den Ausbruch von Atemwegsproblemen oder Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen. Besonders alte und junge Menschen seien gefährdet.
Es ist das erste Mal seit dem Erlass der neuen Smog-Vorschriften 2013, dass die höchste Alarmstufe »Rot« ausgerufen wurde. Ziel ist eine Verringerung der Schadstoffe um mindestens 30 Prozent.
Die Hälfte der Autos ist drei Tage lang von den Straßen verbannt. Je nach Nummernschild dürfen Fahrzeuge nur noch abwechselnd an geraden und ungeraden Tagen fahren. Damit sind nach Schätzungen zwei Millionen zusätzliche Passagiere in öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln zu erwarten. Mehr als 20 000 Busse werden am Dienstag (8. Dezember) extra eingesetzt, wie die amtliche Nachrichtenagentur Xinhua berichtete.
Der Smog-Alarm gilt bis Donnerstagmittag (10. Dezember). An dem Tag soll eine erwartete Kaltfront die Schadstoffe wegblasen. Da die Schadstoffe auch aus angrenzenden Regionen nach Peking wehen, werden laut Xinhua weitere »Notmaßnahmen« in den Provinzen Hebei und Shandong sowie in der Nachbarmetropole Tianjin ergriffen. In der 150 Kilometer von Peking entfernt gelegenen Stadt Baoding gelten ähnliche Fahrverbote.
Museum statt Park: Wie sich Reisende vor Smog schützen können
Zum Schutz vor Feinstaub sollten Reisende nur kurze Aufenthalte in smogbelasteten Großstädten planen und sich dort viel in Gebäuden aufhalten. Dazu rät das Centrum für Reisemedizin (CRM) angesichts der derzeit starken Luftverschmutzung in Peking. Anstrengungen im Freien werden am besten vermieden. Gesunde Menschen erholten sich normalerweise schnell wieder, sobald sie stark mit Feinstaub belastete Gegenden wieder verlassen. Anders sieht das für Menschen aus, die bereits eine Herz- oder Lungenkrankheit haben. In diesem Fall könne sich der Gesundheitszustand durch den Smog verschlechtern. Auch Kinder, Ältere und Schwangere seien durch Feinstaub besonders gefährdet.
Wie das CRM erklärt, schützen einfache Hygienemasken überhaupt nicht gegen die Feinstaubpartikel in der Luft. Eine Schutzfunktion bieten nur Atemmasken mit Filterfunktion, sogenannte N95-Respiratoren. Diese müssten jedoch dicht am Gesicht anliegen. Sie könnten auch nur eine begrenzte Zeit getragen werden, weil das Atmen mit ihnen anstrengend ist. Reisende sollten hier die Hinweise des Herstellers beachten. (09.12.2015, dpa)
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