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Als Folge einiger Terroranschläge bleiben Besucher Europas Metropolen fern
Foto: Malte Christians / dpa Anschläge Wie wirkt Terror auf Städtetourismus? Paris, Brüssel, Istanbul, Berlin - Europas Metropolen wurden seit Ende 2015 von Terroranschlägen erschüttert. Wie hat sich das auf den Tourismus ausgewirkt?
Mancher Reiseführer bleibt derzeit in den Regalen liegen: Beim Verkauf seiner »Istanbul«-Ausgabe musste der Verlag Michael Müller im vergangenen Jahr ein Minus von 80 Prozent hinnehmen, beim »Brüssel«-Titel waren es 70 Prozent, bei »Paris« 50 Prozent.
Konkurrent MairDumont ging es nicht besser. Die Verkaufszahlen der »Istanbul«-Reiseführer seien »unter die Wahrnehmungsschwelle« gefallen, sagt eine Verlagssprecherin.
Als Grund nennen die Verlage und viele in der Branche Terroranschläge in diesen Städten - aus Angst vor weiterer Gewalt sank das Interesse deutscher Urlauber. Auch Städtereisen-Anbieter bekamen das zu spüren: Dertour spricht von »Zurückhaltung« bei Buchungen von Touren in die Metropolen, und der auf Bahnreisen spezialisierte Wettbewerber Ameropa teilt mit: »Für Paris und Brüssel ist die Nachfrage weiterhin eher verhalten.«
Terrorismus zeigt Wirkung auf die Urlauberströme, zumindest kurzfristig. Die Gästezahlen sind im Minus. In Istanbul sank der Wert im Juli 2016 verglichen mit dem Vorjahresmonat um ein Drittel, auch andere Monate waren rückläufig. In Paris wurden sechs Prozent weniger Hotelgäste gezählt als 2015, in Brüssel ging die durchschnittliche Hotel-Belegung laut Brussels Hotels Association um elf Prozentpunkte auf knapp 62 Prozent zurück. Und bei der Buchungsplattform Opodo war Istanbul 2015 noch das viertbeliebteste Reiseziel, inzwischen liegt die Stadt in der Statistik auf Platz 22.
Terror und Tourismus - dieses Thema wird auch bei der Touristikmesse CMT besprochen werden, die an diesem Samstag in Stuttgart startet. Werden Terroranschläge den jahrelangen Boom im Städtetourismus abbremsen und den betroffenen Metropolen gar dauerhaft eine Urlauberflaute bringen? Branchenvertreter schütteln den Kopf. Solch einen Effekt gebe es nur vereinzelt und temporär, sagt der Sprecher des Deutschen Reiseverbandes, Torsten Schäfer.
Bei der CMT dabei ist auch die Tourismus-Marketingorganisation Atout France. »Nach den Anschlägen sind die Buchungen deutlich runtergegangen, aber das hat sich relativ schnell wieder normalisiert«, sagt deren Sprecherin Monika Fritsch. Besonders Familien mit jungen Kindern würden sich nun bisweilen gegen Städtetouren entscheiden - dies wohl auch wegen der Terrorbilder im Hinterkopf. Die Organisation hat ihr Marketing-Konzept etwas umgestellt: Im Internet bewirbt sie verstärkt Naturregionen wie die Atlantikküste und die Auvergne. »Damit wollen wir verdeutlichen, dass es Alternativen gibt in Frankreich zum Urlaub in den Großstädten.«
Und was ist mit Berlin? Kurz vor Weihnachten erschütterte der Anschlag auf den Breitscheidplatz die Welt. Könnte das zu weniger Buchungen führen? Nein, sagt Burkhard Kieker, Chef der Tourismus-Organisation Visit Berlin. Es habe zwar vereinzelte Stornierungen in Berliner Hotels gegeben nach dem Anschlag, aber so gut wie keine Abreisen.
Schon Weihnachten und Silvester - also nur wenige Tage nach der Tragödie - hätten sich die Gästezahlen in Hotels normalisiert, sagt Kieker. »Im Gegensatz zu Paris herrschte in Berlin kein Ausnahmezustand, die Straßen waren nicht wie leergefegt.« Die Silvesterparty am Brandenburger Tor sei wie üblich sehr voll gewesen - »auch das zeigt, dass die Berliner und ihre Gäste zurück sind zur Normalität«, sagt Kieker. Amtliche Zahlen für Dezember liegen noch nicht vor - Kieker bezieht sich in seiner Einschätzung auf Rückmeldungen von Berliner Hotels an seine Organisation.
Auch bei der Deutschen Zentrale für Tourismus gibt es keine tiefen wirtschaftlichen Sorgenfalten. »Anschläge wie in Berlin, sofern sie Einzelereignisse bleiben, können zwar zu kurzfristigen Nachfragerückgängen führen, langfristig werden diese jedoch durch ein stabiles starkes Markenimage aufgefangen«, so die DZT.
Klar ist: Der Trend zu Städtereisen geht weiter - dank der guten Konjunktur haben die Deutschen im Schnitt mehr Geld in der Tasche, zudem sind Wochenendtrips auch dank Billigfliegern deutlich günstiger als früher. Dieser Trend wird sich aber verändern. Es würden vermehrt kleinere Städte als Reisedestinationen gebucht, heißt es bei Dertour. Der Sprecher des Michael-Müller-Verlags, Matthias Kröner, sagt, Städteführer zu Rom, Lissabon, Amsterdam und Hamburg liefen 2016 deutlich besser als zuvor.
»Es gibt offenbar Großstädte, die von Urlaubern in puncto Terror für ungefährlich gehalten werden«, sagt Kröner. Die Tourismusbranche erklärt den Aufwind für lange Zeit eher nachrangige Reiseziele auch damit, dass die Klassiker-Ziele vielen Urlaubern schon bekannt sind - also entscheiden sich die Wochenendtouristen für andere Städte, die sie noch nicht kennen.
2011 sorgte der Amokläufer Anders Behring Breivik in Oslo und der nahen Insel Utøya für grausame Schlagzeilen. Gab es harte Einschnitte für den Tourismus? Absolut nicht, teilt Visit Norway mit. Seit Jahren steigen die Übernachtungszahlen in Oslo an.
Und was sollten Städte und deren Tourismus-Manager tun, um sinkende Buchungszahlen als Terrorfolge zu vermeiden? Nicht drüber sprechen, meint Psychologie-Professor Alfred Gebert. »Sie sollten mit schönen Argumenten für die Reiseentscheidung locken: Sonne, Gastfreundschaft, Erholung, Aktivitäten, Sehenswürdigkeiten.« Da die Medien schon genug über Terror berichteten, sollten sich die Anbieter nicht auch noch zum Thema Angst oder Terror äußern.
(16.01.2017, dpa)
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