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Viele Urlauber nutzen eine Auslandsreise zum Shopping - außerhalb der EU können sie sich häufig die Mehrwertsteuer erstatten lassen
Urlaub im Ausland Die Steuer nach dem Shopping zurückholen Günstig im Urlaub einkaufen und auch noch Geld zurückbekommen: Das ist für Deutsche in vielen Ländern außerhalb der EU möglich. Touristen bekommen einen Teil des Kaufpreises zurück, wenn sie die Mehrwertsteuer zurückfordern. Mehrwertsteuersatz prüfen oder gleich steuerfrei Das Sparpotenzial hängt vom Mehrwertsteuersatz des Reiselandes ab, erklärt die schwedische Gesellschaft Global Blue, die gegen eine prozentuale Pauschale bei der Rückerstattung hilft. In Norwegen zum Beispiel liegt der Satz bei 25 Prozent. In den meisten Ländern ist für die Rückerstattung ein bestimmter Mindestumsatz nötig.
In Regionen mit gut ausgebauter touristischer Infrastruktur werben viele Geschäfte mit «tax free» (steuerfrei) in den Schaufenstern. Falls nicht von außen ersichtlich, können Urlauber im Laden fragen, ob steuerfreies Einkaufen möglich ist.
So geht der Einkauf im Reiseland Konkret läuft der Einkauf laut Global Blue dann folgendermaßen ab: Wenn Reisende aus einem EU-Land in einem Nicht-EU-Land einkaufen, zahlen sie zunächst einmal den normalen Kaufpreis einschließlich Mehrwertsteuer. Der Händler ist nicht dazu verpflichtet, ein Formular zur Rückerstattung auszustellen - also nachfragen. Falls vorhanden, das Dokument vom Verkäufer stempeln lassen. Manchmal erstattet das Geschäft die Steuer direkt. Im Normalfall bekommt der Reisende das Geld aber erst am Flughafen oder an der Grenze zurück.
Die Mitbringsel dürfen Urlauber nicht sofort auspacken. Mit originalverpackter Ware, Rückerstattungsformular und Reisepass muss der Käufer am Flughafen vortreten. Oft stempelt der Zoll das Formular ab und erteilt die Ausfuhrbestätigung für die Ware. Diese Bestätigung muss nun, je nach Art des Formulars, direkt am entsprechenden Serviceschalter am Flughafen vorlegt werden.
In Schweden und den USA In einigen Ländern haben die Zollbehörden aber nichts mit der Mehrwertsteuererstattung zu tun und können die Formulare nicht abstempeln. So ist es etwa in Norwegen. Dort läuft das gesamte Prozedere über Tax-Refund-Schalter.
Im Shopping-Land USA wird es etwas komplizierter. «Anders als in Europa gibt es in den USA keine einheitliche Mehrwertsteuer des Bundes, sondern die Höhe der sogenannten Sales Tax wird von den einzelnen Bundesstaaten selbst festgelegt und kann sogar von Stadt zu Stadt variieren», erklärt Sven Oehme, Berater der Amerikanischen Handelskammer in Deutschland. Die Steuersätze schwankten je nach Staat zwischen 0 und ungefähr 12 Prozent.
Gar keine Sales Tax gibt es in Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire und Oregon, was diese Staaten zu besonders beliebten Shopping-Zielen für Reisende macht. New Jersey, Minnesota und Pennsylvania berechnen keine Steuer auf Bekleidung. In anderen Bundesstaaten gilt die Steuerbefreiung auf Kleidung nur bis zu einer bestimmten Preisgrenze, Accessoires und Sportartikel oft ausgeschlossen. In einigen Bundesstaaten wie Alabama, Florida und Texas gibt es zudem regelmäßige Aktionswochenenden, an denen komplett steuerfrei eingekauft werden kann.
Einfuhr- und Zollbestimmungen berücksichtigen Damit der Schnäppchenkauf nicht zur Milchmädchenrechnung wird, müssen Touristen die Einfuhr- und Zollbestimmungen in Deutschland beachten. Die zu zahlenden Steuern und Zölle variieren je nach Warenwert und Produktart, erklärt die Generalzolldirektion in Bonn. Frei sind Einkäufe bis zu einem Warenwert von insgesamt 300 Euro, bei Flug- oder Seereisen sind es insgesamt maximal 430 Euro. Einen Überblick gibt die kostenlose App «Zoll und Reise» des Bundesministeriums für Finanzen. Der Freimengenrechner zeigt für das jeweilige Urlaubsland an, was abgabenfrei nach Deutschland mitgebracht werden darf.
Der Zoll weist darauf hin, dass es zum Beispiel für Produkte aus tierischen oder auch pflanzlichen Materialien sowie Arznei- und Betäubungsmittel Beschränkungen und Einfuhrverbote gibt. Mitbringsel müssen für den persönlichen Gebrauch, für Angehörige des Haushalts oder als Geschenk gedacht sein. Die Waren dürfen laut Zoll nicht zu gewerblichen Zwecken bestimmt sein.
(25.10.2018, dpa)
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