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Seit 1989 sind die Victoriafälle Unesco-Weltnaturerbe.
Foto: Laage/dpa/tmn Afrika Die Victoriafälle - die größten Wasserfälle der Welt Der Regenbogen ist überall - in der Schlucht und am Himmel. Die Victoria Falls gehören zu den größten Wasserfällen der Welt. Kaum ein Reisender im südlichen Afrika lässt sie links liegen. Aus gutem Grund.
Die Händler vor dem Park verkaufen Regencapes, dabei steht kaum eine Wolke am Himmel. Der Wald ist tiefgrün, die Sonne brennt heiß. Nichts rührt sich, das Gelände ist flach. Und hier soll ein riesiger Wasserfall sein? Wenig lässt auf die 108 Meter tiefe Schlucht schließen, in die sich der Sambesi keinen Steinwurf entfernt über eine Breite von 1700 Metern hinabstürzt. Nur ein Rauschen liegt im Ohr. Noch einmal abbiegen, dann geben die Bäume plötzlich den Blick auf die Victoriafälle frei.
Der Fluss schießt hinter der Absperrung über die Bruchkante. Die Hänge der Kluft fallen senkrecht ab und sind doch dicht bewachsen mit üppiger Vegetation. Beide Seiten der Schlucht werden durch die Spektralfarben eines Regenbogens verbunden. Je nachdem, wie das Licht einfällt, liegen gleich zwei übereinander.
Was Rucksack- wie Pauschalreisende hierher zieht, in das Zentrum des südlichen Afrikas an der Grenze zwischen Sambia und Simbabwe, ist ein Motiv, das die Vorlage für ein romantisches Gemälde sein könnte. Der schottische Forscher David Livingstone, der die Fälle 1855 entdeckte, sprach vom wundervollsten Anblick, der sich ihm je in Afrika geboten habe.
Das Sonnenlicht bricht sich fast überall in der Gischt und malt einen Regenbogen. Um das Schauspiel zu sehen, lohnen mehrere Blickwinkel - zum Beispiel der eines Vogels. Das Ultraleicht-Flugzeug, eigentlich ein motorisierter Drachenflieger, hebt von der Landebahn ab. Gesteuert wird per Lenkstange. Früher sei er Kampfflieger in Simbabwes Armee gewesen, erzählt der Pilot. Heute fliegt er Touristen über die Wasserfälle.
Rund 200 Meter unter den Füßen fließt der Sambesi. Er trennt Sambia von Simbabwe und schneidet an den Victoriafällen tief in das Land ein. Aus der Luft lässt sich die gewaltige Bruchkante des Flusses komplett überblicken. Der Flieger segelt zurück über den sambischen Nationalpark Mosi-oa-Tunya, was »donnernder Rauch« bedeutet. Nahe des Ufers grasen im Spätnachmittagslicht Elefanten. Aus der Luft sind sie schwer zu erkennen. Die Silhouette eines Krokodils dagegen zeichnet sich deutlich im Flussbett ab.
Dann landet das Flugzeug wieder auf der Buckelpiste, unweit von Livingstone auf sambischer Seite der Fälle. Die meisten organisierten Ausflüge starten hier. In der Stadt gibt es zahlreiche Banken und Unterkünfte. Die gute Infrastruktur zieht die Menschen an.
Im »Seven-Eleven« in Victoria Falls Town, drüben in Simbabwe, ist das Warenangebot spärlich. Seit der Staatskrise 2008 hat der Ort touristisch aber wieder etwas aufgeholt. Die ein oder andere Nobel-Lodge lugt hinter den Büschen am Stadtrand hervor. Es sind allerdings kaum Leute auf der Straße zu sehen. Mit einem Tagesvisum über die Grenze zu fahren, lohnt vor allem wegen des Nationalparks auf simbabwischem Staatsgebiet.
Um auf die andere Seite zu gelangen, von »Zam« nach »Zim«, geht es über die 128 Meter hohe Victora Falls Bridge. Einige hundert Meter dahinter liegt der Eingang zum Victoria Falls Nationalpark. Die immerfeuchte Luft der Fälle lässt sogar tropischen Regenwald gedeihen. Der Weg zum berüchtigten Danger Point führt aus dem Wald heraus auf eine Wiese. Ein Warnschild weist auf die schlüpfrigen Steine um den Aussichtspunkt hin, direkt an der Schlucht. Dann geht eine rauschende Gischtwolke auf dem Weg nieder, heftiger als jede Dusche. Die Aussicht von hier macht nass bis auf die Unterhose.
(15.6.2011, dpa/tmn)
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