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Klaus Müller, Chef der Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband (vzbv)
Sonderrecht Anzahlung Verbraucherschützer fordern Ende der Vorkasse bei Reisen Meist ist das Urlaubsgeld noch gar nicht auf dem Konto, da wollen Reiseveranstalter schon eine Anzahlung sehen. Verbraucherschützer finden die Vorkasse veraltet. Zu häufig gab es zuletzt Insolvenzen.
Gerade ist es besonders heikel: Wer einen Urlaub bucht, kann angesichts steigender Corona-Infektionszahlen nicht sicher sein, dass er wirklich reisen kann. Eine Anzahlung wird häufig trotzdem fällig.
Das ruft Verbraucherschützer auf den Plan. «Ich halte die Vorkassezahlungen für antiquiert, für nicht mehr verantwortbar im Flug- und Reisebereich», sagte der Chef des Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverbands (vzbv), Klaus Müller, der Deutschen Presse-Agentur.
Veranstalter von Pauschalreisen dürfen bisher mindestens ein Fünftel des Reisepreises schon im Voraus verlangen. Das sei ein Sonderrecht, das längst nicht mehr gerechtfertigt sei, meint Müller. Bei fast allen anderen Geschäften sei es normal, erst eine Leistung zu bekommen und dann zu zahlen. «Sie kaufen ein Brötchen und sie bezahlen, sobald das Brötchen über die Theke geht.» Auch bei vielen Hotelbuchungen sei das inzwischen so: «Sie waren im Hotel, Sie checken aus und bezahlen dann dafür».
Dass für Pauschalreisen 20 oder 30 Prozent des Reisepreises und bei Flügen sogar die gesamte Summe weit im Voraus zu zahlen ist, sei «eine überkommene Fehlsteuerung», kritisierte Müller. Zu häufig habe man zuletzt erlebt, dass Airlines oder Reiseveranstalter insolvent gegangen seien. «Ich bezweifele, dass wir hier bereits die letzte Insolvenz in Europa gesehen haben», sagte der Verbraucherschützer. Entweder müsse über ein Verbot der Vorkasse diskutiert werden - oder über eine breitere Insolvenzabsicherung nicht nur für Pauschalreisen, sondern auch für Flüge.
Die Bundesregierung will nach der Pleite des großen Veranstalters Thomas Cook zumindest die Absicherung für Pauschalreisen verbessern. Veranstalter sollen in einen Fonds einzahlen müssen, damit auch riesige Schadenssummen in Zukunft abgesichert sind. Im Fall Thomas Cook reichte die Versicherungssumme von 110 Millionen Euro nur, um einen Bruchteil der Forderungen der betroffenen Urlauber zu begleichen. Die Bundesregierung sprang für den Rest ein.
Der Deutsche Reiseverband (DRV) hält das grundsätzlich für den richtigen Ansatz. An der Vorauskasse dagegen will die Branche festhalten. «Kunden von Pauschalreisen sind gegen die Insolvenz des Reiseveranstalters abgesichert, sowohl bei der Anzahlung als auch der Restzahlung», betont der Verband. «Insofern besteht hier kein Änderungsbedarf dieses für die Kunden günstigen Systems.»
Auch der Bundesgerichtshof hatte Anzahlungen zuletzt generell für zulässig erklärt - unter anderem, weil die Reiseveranstalter oft selbst in Vorkasse gehen müssen. Sie kaufen entweder zu Beginn der Urlaubssaison größere Kontingente bei Fluggesellschaften und Hotels - oder stellen Reisen nach tagesaktuellen Preisen zusammen. In diesem Fall müssten sie in der Regel ebenfalls in Vorleistung gehen und ihren Partnern den Reisepreis sofort überweisen, sagte DRV-Sprecher Torsten Schäfer. «Deshalb sind Anzahlungen notwendig und gerechtfertigt.»
Übrigens: Sagt ein Urlauber seine Reise wegen einer kurzfristig ausgesprochenen Reisewarnung des Auswärtigen Amts ab, muss die Anzahlung nach einem Gutachten des Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverbands innerhalb von 14 Tagen zurückgezahlt werden. Reisewarnungen gelten derzeit für mehr als 160 Länder außerhalb der Europäischen Union, - darunter beliebte Urlaubsländer wie Ägypten, Thailand und die Dominikanische Republik - aber auch für Regionen in Frankreich, Spanien, Belgien, Kroatien, Bulgarien und Rumänien. Eine Reisewarnung ist kein Verbot, soll aber eine erhebliche abschreckende Wirkung haben. Außerdem ermöglicht sie es Reisenden, Buchungen kostenlos zu stornieren.
(31.08.2020, dpa)
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