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Namensänderung: Berlin in Südafrika heißt künftig Ntabozuko
Südafrika-Urlaub Alte Ortsnamen werden umbenannt Südafrika distanziert sich von seiner Kolonialgeschichte - auch auf der Landkarte: Berlin heißt ab sofort Ntabozuko, Port Elizabeth nun Gqeberha. Diverse andere Orte mit kolonialen Wurzeln oder kopierten europäischen Namen sollen künftig einen neuen Namen erhalten.
Das rote Willkommens-Schild am Ortseingang von Berlin ist Vergangenheit. Seit Mittwoch hat die Stadt ihren Namen geändert - zumindest im fernen Südafrika . Der 5000-Seelen-Ort heißt nun offiziell Ntabozuko - und hat rein gar nichts vom Großstadtglanz der Spree-Metropole.
«Als ich in den 1950er Jahren dort aufgewachsen bin, gab es da gerade mal 500 Siedler, die alle Brandenburger Plattdeutsch sprachen», erinnert sich Peter Kallaway. «Und Berlin war noch der größte Ort in der Gegend, wo es kleine Siedlungen mit Namen wie Potsdam, Hamburg oder Breitbach gibt», erklärt der emeritierte Kapstädter Professor, dessen Vater dort einst eine Werkstatt betrieb.
Siedler aus Europa gaben Orte ihre Namen Es sind kleine Weiler, deren Namen bis heute überlebt haben - Namen, die Siedler aus Europa einst ihren Wohnorten gaben. Doch Marktflecken wie Braunschweig, Heidelberg, Hermannsburg, Wartburg, Neu-Hannover, Wuppert(h)al oder Augsburg droht absehbar eine Namensänderung. Die südafrikanische Regierungspartei ANC macht sich seit langem stark für weitere Umbenennungen. Während im benachbarten Namibia - einer ehemaligen deutschen Kolonie im Südwesten des Kontinents - Namen aus der Ära des Deutschen Kaiserreiches eher zögernd afrikanisiert wurden, schritt der mächtige Nachbar Südafrika beherzter voran.
Ende 2002 gab es bereits eine erste Welle von Namensänderungen für Städte, Regionen oder Flüsse, die an Apartheid- oder Kolonialzeiten erinnerten oder rassistisch klangen. Kurz vor Afrikas erster und bisher einziger Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 2010 folgte in dem Kap-Staat eine weitere Welle. Die zahlreichen Straßen-Umbenennungen in den WM-Austragungsorten stellten damals die Navi-Systeme so mancher Kicker-Touristen vor ziemlich große Herausforderungen.
Seit diesem Mittwoch gibt es nun eine neue Serie afrikanischer Namen. Die größte Stadt in Niedersachsens Partnerprovinz am Ostkap heißt nun nicht mehr Port Elizabeth, sondern Gqeberha. Dort liegt in direkter Nachbarschaft der Standort des VW-Werks in Uitenhage (nun offiziell: Kariega). Die am Indischen Ozean gelegene Hafenstadt Port Elizabeth entstand aus einer kleinen Siedlung am Rande eines Forts und erhielt ihren Namen einst nach der Frau eines britischen Gouverneurs. Der neue Name ist in der klickreichen Sprache der Xhosa die Bezeichnung für den Fluss, der durch den Ort fließt. Er bezeichnete bisher zudem ein Township am Rande der Stadt.
Umbenennungen sind umstritten Die Umbenennungen sind in Südafrika nicht unumstritten und stoßen in Teilen der Öffentlichkeit auf Widerstand. Denn die geforderte Entkolonialisierung von Orts- und Gebietsnamen kommt zu einer Zeit, da sich das Land auch wegen der Corona-Restriktionen in einer schweren Krise befindet. Unnötige symbolische Gesten, die nichts kosten, wie die Gegner der Umbenennungen in sozialen Netzwerken kritisieren. Dringend notwendige Symbole in einem unabhängigen afrikanischen Staat, wie die Befürworter entgegenhalten. Sie wollen keine Erinnerung an die düsteren Zeiten der Rassentrennung oder der europäischen Besiedlung zu Kolonialzeiten.
Mitunter wurden bei der Suche nach neuen Namen auch Kompromisse gefunden. Knapp elf Jahre nach dem Ende der rassistischen Apartheid etwa ging Südafrikas Hauptstadt Pretoria offiziell in der Metropolregion Tshwane mit rund zwei Millionen auf. Den Namen Pretoria gibt es trotzdem auch weiterhin: Das alte Stadtzentrum behielt den Namen des einstigen Burengenerals Andries Pretorius.
(25.02.2021, dpa)
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