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Öl, das aus dem Frachter Wakashio, der bereits am 25. Juli auf Grund lief, schwimmt auf der Wasseroberfläche vor der Ostküste von Mauritius im Indischen Ozean
Indischer Ozean Mauritius droht Umweltkatastrophe Mauritius gilt weltweit als Urlaubsparadies. Die weißen Strände und grün-blauen Lagunen ziehen jährlich Hunderttausende Touristen an. Doch nun droht dem Paradies eine beispiellose Umweltkatastrophe. Liegt es an Fahrlässigkeit der Behörden?
Fast zwei Wochen lang lag der Frachter »Wakashio« gestrandet auf einem Korallenriff vor Mauritius, Bewohner konnten ihn vom Strand aus sehen. Dann sank eine Seite des Schiffs ab, und Öl begann sich in dem türkisfarbenen Wasser auszubreiten, wie sich Sunil Dowarkasing erinnert. »Die ganze Lagune ist voller Öl. Das Öl hat das Ufer erreicht«, beschrieb der Mauritier und ehemalige Mitarbeiter von Greenpeace die Szenerie am Freitag. »Überall ist eine massive Verschmutzung.«
Die »Wakashio« war am 25. Juli vor der Ostküste von Mauritius im Indischen Ozean auf Grund gelaufen. Das Schiff war laut seinem japanischen Inhaber ohne Fracht von Singapur nach Brasilien unterwegs. Wie es genau zu dem Unfall kam, war zunächst unklar. Am Donnerstag riss dann der Rumpf, wie das Umweltministerium des Inselstaates mitteilte.
Rund ein Viertel der 4.000 Tonnen Öl seien bereits ausgelaufen, sagte Deborah de Chazal, die Exekutivdirektorin der Mauritian Wildlife Foundation. Dies sei womöglich »eine der schlimmsten ökologischen Krisen, die dieser kleine Inselstaat jemals erlebt hat«, teilte Greenpeace mit.
Die Behörden versuchen nun, die Katastrophe in den Griff zu bekommen. »Um negative Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt so gut es geht zu verhindern, haben wir einen Zaun aufgebaut und begonnen, das Öl abzupumpen«, sagte ein Sprecher der japanischen Firma Nagashiki Shipping, der der Frachter gehört. Mauritius habe nicht genug Ausrüstung, um die Ölkatastrophe allein zu bewältigen, sagte de Chazal. Daher sei Hilfe aus dem Ausland angefragt worden.
Die Regierung traf sich nach Angaben des Umweltministeriums am Freitag mit Vertretern von Organisationen und aus dem Privatsektor, um einen Plan zu erarbeiten, wie das Gebiet gereinigt werden kann. Bis dahin ermahnte das Ministerium die Öffentlichkeit, die betroffenen Gebiete zu meiden. Denn die Öldämpfe seien »hochgiftig und gesundheitsschädlich«.
Doch vor allem die noch offenen Fragen sorgen unter den Bewohnern für Wut. Warum blieben die Behörden zwei Wochen lang anscheinend untätig? Das Öl hätte gleich nach dem Unfall abgepumpt werden müssen, um ein Austreten zu vermeiden, sagte Dowarkasing. Das sei grobe Fahrlässigkeit von Seiten der Behörden gewesen - »eine Straftat gegenüber der Umwelt«.
Mauritius mit seinen 1,3 Millionen Einwohnern ist weltweit für prachtvolle Korallen, blendend weißen Strände sowie eine bunte Fülle an Meereslebewesen und Landtieren bekannt. Das Festland ist laut Umweltministerium von 150 Kilometern geschützten Korallenriffen umgeben. Diese Naturpracht zog im vergangenen Jahr nach Regierungsangaben 1,4 Millionen Touristen an.
Der verunglückte Frachter liegt mitten in einem reichhaltigen Naturgebiet an der Ostküste der Hauptinsel vor dem Ort Mahébourg. In der Nähe des Wracks befinden sich zwei Schutzgebiete und eine kleine Insel, die ein Vorbild für Naturschutz und Biodiversität ist. Das alles könne von dem Öl zerstört werden, warnte Dowarkasing. »Es wird Jahre dauern, bis es wieder so wird, wie es einmal war. Oder es wird nie wieder so werden.«
(07.08.2020, dpa)
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