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Besonders beliebt bei Reisenden sind Attraktionen mit Elefanten, etwa das Reiten auf den Tieren. Die Tiere haben daran jedoch keinen Spaß
Reisen mit Verantwortung Darf man im Urlaub auf Elefanten reiten? Auf Tuchfühlung mit Elefanten gehen oder mit dem Boot neben Orcas schippern: Reiseerlebnisse mit Tieren sind oft erinnerungsträchtige Höhepunkte. Jedoch gehören wilde Tiere in die Wildnis. Daher sollte man solche Angebote sorgsam auswählen - dem Tierwohl zuliebe. Wale sind faszinierend - daher buchen viele Touristen Touren oder besuchen Shows mit den Tieren. Aber: Gelangt etwa ein Orca in ein Delfinarium, vereinsamt er oder wird mit fremden Artgenossen in viel zu kleinen Becken gehalten. Dort kann er sich kaum bewegen und nicht tief genug tauchen.
Die Tiere werden unter solchen Bedingungen oft psychisch krank. Daher empfehlen Tierschutzorganisationen, Zoos und Delfinarien zu meiden, in denen Delfine, Orcas und andere Wale gehalten werden. Damit stoßen sie bei Urlaubern auf offene Ohren.
«Wir spüren, dass das Bewusstsein für Nachhaltigkeit im Alltag stark zugenommen hat», sagt Friederike Grupp, Referentin für Nachhaltigkeit bei Thomas Cook. Eine interne Kundenumfrage habe herausgefunden, dass viele Menschen im Urlaub bewusstere Entscheidungen treffen wollen. 90 Prozent der Kunden machten sich um das Tierwohl Sorgen. Der Tourismuskonzern reagiert darauf und verkauft ab Sommer 2019 keine Ausflüge mehr zu Attraktionen, die Orcas in Gefangenschaft halten.
Diesen Weg kündigte Tui bereits 2014 an und bestätigt auf Anfrage, dass damals Delfinarien, Delfin- und Orcashows und das Schwimmen mit Delfinen aus dem Ausflugsprogramm für deutschsprachige Gäste gestrichen wurden. Schaut man auf die deutschsprachige Unternehmenswebsite, stellt man aber fest, dass Karten für den Loro Parque weiterhin verkauft werden. Zudem werden Reisen ins Marineland im französischen Antibes sowie in Seaworld-Partnerhotels angeboten.
«In allen drei Parks sind Orcas und zahlreiche Delfine eingesperrt und führen Shows auf», sagt Tanja Breinig, Fachreferentin für Fische und Meerestiere der Tierrechtsorganisation Peta. Tui Deutschland argumentiert, dass «Loro Parque und Seaworld in und um den deutschsprachigen Raum als Zoos oder Themenparks angesehen werden».
Für Tierschützerin Sommer ist die einzige nachhaltige Alternative das Beobachten von Walen im offenen Meer - aber nur mit einem verantwortungsbewussten Anbieter. Die Expertin nennt eine wichtige Grundregel: «Bei einer Walbeobachtung soll der Mensch als Gast auf dem Meer agieren. Dabei sollen es die Tiere sein, die die Intensität des Kontaktes bestimmen.»
Um einen guten Anbieter zu erkennen, «hilft es, den Charakter einer Tour zu ergründen», rät Sommer. Wird ein Sensationserlebnis mit springenden Walen und viel Entertainment versprochen oder gar eine Sichtungsgarantie gegeben, sollten Reisende lieber nicht buchen. Besser sind Anbieter, die einen Bildungsauftrag oder Forschungsinteressen verfolgen, über Meeressäuger informieren, das Verhalten der Tiere deuten oder einen Biologen an Bord haben.
Besonders beliebt bei Reisenden sind Attraktionen mit Elefanten. Spaß daran haben die Tiere nicht. Und was Reisende im Rahmen der kurzweiligen Attraktion nicht sehen, ist das lebenslange Leid der Elefanten. «Sie sind schwer zu züchten und werden daher als Jungtiere wild gefangen», erläutert Daniela Freyer von Pro Wildlife.
Das Problem ist bei Reiseveranstaltern bekannt. Daher finden sich in den Programmen weniger solche Aktivitäten. Aber: Um das sinkende Interesse der Touristen zu unterwandern, geben neue Anbieter oft vor, sich in Elefantenwaisenhäusern um pflegebedürftige Tiere zu kümmern. «Nur wenige gute Waisenhäuser verdienen diesen Namen», betont Freyer aber.
Auch bei Elefanten gilt, dass eine Beobachtung in der Wildnis die nachhaltigste Variante ist. Möglich sind solche Tierbeobachtungen bei einer Safari. Halten die Fahrer einen Mindestabstand ein, gibt es keine bessere Gelegenheit, ein für Mensch und Tier angenehmes und unvergessliches Reiseerlebnis zu schaffen.
( 02.01.2019, dpa )
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