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Die Touristen in Palma de Mallorca genießen ihren Urlaub trotz der Proteste
Foto: ... »Tourismusphobie« Auf Mallorca bleiben Urlauber gelassen Der Unmut über den Massentourismus auf Mallorca wächst. Es gibt immer mehr Protestaktionen. Aber die meisten Gäste bleiben entspannt - und so mancher zeigt sogar Verständnis.
Die Aktion machte international Schlagzeilen: Mitte Juli protestierte eine linke Jugendorganisation in einem gut besuchten Restaurant am Hafen von Palma gegen den ausufernden Massentourismus.
Die Demonstranten kamen mit Bengalos, Konfetti und Spruchbändern, auf denen zu lesen war: »Tourism kills Mallorca« (Der Tourismus tötet Mallorca). So richtig bekannt wurde der Vorfall aber erst, als die verantwortliche Organisation Arran Wochen später ein Video von der Aktion auf Twitter zeigte. Wer durch Palma spaziert, entdeckt seit Wochen immer wieder Aufkleber oder Zettel mit tourismusfeindlichen Sprüchen.
Nun macht ein Schlagwort die Runde, bei dem Urlaubern bange werden könnte: »Tourismusphobie«. Aber die meisten Feriengäste geben sich entspannt, bedroht fühlt sich kaum jemand.
Auf Palmas Einkaufsstraße Passeig del Born ist vom so heftig kritisierten Massentourismus oder Überfüllung nicht viel zu spüren. Die Menschen sitzen in Cafés oder ruhen sich auf Bänken im Schatten der Bäume aus. »Wir haben von den Protesten gegen den Tourismus in den Medien gehört«, erzählen Leonie und David aus Essen. »Unseren Flug hatten wir aber schon im Januar gebucht, also hatten wir keine Wahl – aber wir wären ohnehin gekommen.« Die Stimmung sei in diesem Sommer in keiner Weise anders als bei ihren früheren Urlauben auf der Insel.
Auch Neil und Patricia aus dem englischen Newcastle kommen seit Jahren nach Mallorca. Das Paar kann die Wut vieler Bürger nachvollziehen: »Ich kann verstehen, dass es den Leuten zu viel wird. Ich hätte auch nicht gerne nachts lärmende Touristen in meinem Viertel«, sagt Patricia, fügt aber gleich hinzu, dass auch Vorsicht geboten sei: »Der Tourismus ist immerhin der wichtigste Wirtschaftszweig hier, deshalb sind wohlüberlegte Lösungen gefragt.«
Aber der massive Touristenstrom hat für die Bewohner der Balearen auch unliebsame Folgen. So wird etwa die große Anzahl an online feilgebotenen Ferienwohnungen für den Wohnungsmangel und die überteuerten Mietpreise verantwortlich gemacht, speziell in Palma, aber auch auf Ibiza. Dass viele Mitarbeiter des Sektors trotz des Booms wegen ihrer Mini-Löhne am Rand des Existenzminimums leben, sorgt für zusätzlichen Ärger.
Auch die massive Anzahl an Mietwagen und die damit einhergehende Verkehrs- und Umweltbelastung ist vielen Balearenbewohnern ein Dorn im Auge. So machte wenige Tage nach der Protestaktion von Arran auch eine andere Gruppe Schlagzeilen. Die Organisation Endavant »verzierte« 1.000 Mietwagen mit Aufklebern: »Dieses Auto ist zu viel«, war darauf zu lesen. Ein Möbelladen legte Anfang der Woche gar einen Zettel mit der Aufschrift »Tourist, keep off« ins Schaufenster, eine unmissverständliche Aufforderung an Urlauber, draußen zu bleiben.
Viele Deutsche und Briten auf der Insel bringen Verständnis für solche Reaktionen der entnervten Einheimischen auf. Schlimmer als die Proteste selbst fänden sie das Bild, das stockbetrunkene Touristen am Ballermann und in Magaluf abgeben: »Es ist beschämend, wie einige unserer Landsleute sich hier aufführen. Es ist kein Wunder, dass die Menschen das satt haben«, sagen Trevor und Karen aus dem englischen Leeds. Sie sind zum ersten Mal auf Mallorca – und erschrocken über Briten, die in Magaluf dem »Sauftourismus« frönen.
Mittlerweile sah sich auch die spanische Zentralregierung genötigt, die Proteste zu kommentieren. Ministerpräsident Mariano Rajoy sagte nach einem Besuch bei König Felipe VI. in dessen mallorquinischer Sommerresidenz Marivent: »Ich weiß nicht, ob man Urlauber mit Plakaten à la »Willkommen, Señor Turista« begrüßen muss, aber es wäre ein Unding, sie mit Füßen zu treten.« In Spanien sorge der Tourismussektor nicht nur für 13 Prozent der Arbeitsplätze – insgesamt 2,5 Millionen Jobs –, sondern er mache auch stolze elf Prozent des Bruttoinlandsprodukts aus, rechnete Rajoy vor. Konservative Politiker starteten deshalb bereits eine eigene Kampagne, die für Freundlichkeit gegenüber Touristen wirbt.
Der Tourismus auf Mallorca
Mallorca ist eines der beliebtesten Ferienziele im Mittelmeerraum. Der Massentourismus auf der größten Balearen-Insel begann mit dem Aufkommen des Charterflugverkehrs Ende der 1950er Jahre.
Heute stehen den rund 900.000 Einwohnern Mallorcas fast zehnmal so viele Touristen gegenüber. 2015 verbrachten allein mehr als 3,2 Millionen Deutsche dort ihren Urlaub. Knapp 45 Prozent der Wirtschaftsleistung der Balearen wird vom Tourismus erbracht. Der Flughafen der Insel wuchs in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem der zwanzig größten in Europa an.
Für die Insel bedeutete das zwar ein enormes Wirtschaftswachstum, brachte aber auch Probleme wie Umweltverschmutzung und höhere Preise mit sich. Ein neues Gesetz beschränkt deshalb die Zahl der Übernachtungsplätze auf Mallorca auf knapp 436.000. Auch die Zahl der Mietwagen soll begrenzt werden.
(18.08.2017, dpa)
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