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Wenn die Sonneneinstrahlung zu stark wird, kann daraus ein Sonnenbrand resultieren. Aufschluss über die Stärke der Sonne gibt der UV-Index. Foto: pixabay
Foto: ... UV-Index Warum ist er für Urlauber wichtig? Sonnencremes werden meist nach ihrem unterschiedlichen UV-Schutzfaktor eingeordnet. Doch was besagt der UV-Index eigentlich und ab welcher Stufe wird es für Urlauber in puncto Sonnenbrand gefährlich?
Dass zu viel Sonne der Haut schadet, ist eine Binsenweisheit. Auch dass sich die Strahlkraft der Sonne je nach Land und Wetter deutlich unterscheidet, wissen viele Urlauber. Doch wie gefährlich ist die Sonne für die Haut genau?
Das lässt sich ziemlich exakt ermitteln – mit dem UV-Index (UVI). Was hat es damit auf sich? Das Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (BfS) erklärt: Der UVI ist ein Maß für die »höchste sonnenbrandwirksame Bestrahlungsstärke«, die von der Sonne während des Tages hervorgerufen wird, und zwar auf einer horizontalen Fläche. Man könnte auch sagen: Der UVI ist so etwas wie der Sonnenbrand-Indikator, der an einem Tag herrscht.
Ausgedacht hat sich den Index die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) zusammen mit anderen Institutionen. Die Skala reicht von 1 bis 10 – und sie gilt international. Je höher der Wert, umso schneller tritt ein Sonnenbrand auf.
Ein Wert von 1 oder 2 bedeutet eine geringe gesundheitliche Gefährdung. Sonnenschutz ist nicht nötig. Die Werte von 3 bis 5 stehen für eine mittlere Gefährdung. Hier sind bereits Hemd, Sonnenbrille und Sonnencreme als UV-Schutz ratsam. Eine hohe Gefahr besteht bei Werten von 6 und 7. Die WHO rät dann, mittags den Schatten aufzusuchen, in der Sonne eine Kopfbedeckung zu tragen, sich zudem einzucremen und die Augen zu schützen.
Die Werte 8 bis 10 stehen für eine sehr hohe Gefahr. Schutzmaßnahmen sind unbedingt erforderlich. Die WHO rät, hierbei zwischen 11.00 und 15.00 Uhr den Aufenthalt im Freien generell zu vermeiden. Im Extremfall ist auch ein Wert von 11+ möglich.
Die Tageswerte für Deutschland veröffentlicht das BfS auf seiner Webseite. Im Sommer seien hier UVI-Werte bis 8 möglich, in den Alpen sogar noch höhere. Höchstwerte werden etwa unmittelbar am Äquator auf Meereshöhe bei wolkenlosem Himmel gemessen.
Wichtig für Urlauber: Auf Schnee, Wasser und Stränden mit hellen Sandflächen kann die Strahlenbelastung höher sein als der vorhergesagte maximale UVI für diesen Tag, erklärt das BfS. Ausreichender Sonnenschutz ist dann besonders wichtig.
Beeinflusst wird der UVI vor allem vom Sonnenstand. Dieser wiederum hängt stark von der Jahreszeit und vom Breitengrad ab.
(02.11.2017, dpa)
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